Blood smear
Definition
血液涂片是一种血液检查,可以提供有关血细胞数量和形状的信息. 它通常作为全血细胞计数(CBC)的一部分或与CBC一起进行。.
Alternative Names
Peripheral smear; Complete blood count - peripheral; CBC - peripheral
How the Test is Performed
A
The blood sample is sent to a lab. 在那里,实验室技术人员在显微镜下观察它. 或者,可以用自动机器检查血液.
The smear provides this information:
- The number and kinds of white blood cells (
differential , or percentage of each type of cell) - 畸形血细胞畸形血细胞的数量和种类
- 白细胞和血小板计数的粗略估计
How to Prepare for the Test
No special preparation is necessary.
How the Test will Feel
当针头插入抽血时,有些人会感到中度疼痛. Others feel only a prick or stinging. 之后,可能会有一些悸动或轻微的瘀伤. This soon goes away.
Why the Test is Performed
这个测试可以作为一般健康检查的一部分来帮助诊断许多疾病. 或者,如果您有以下迹象,您的医疗保健提供者可能会建议您进行此测试:
- Any known or suspected blood disorder
- Cancer
- Leukemia
血液涂片也可用于监测化疗的副作用或帮助诊断感染, such as malaria.
Normal Results
红细胞(rbc)通常大小和颜色相同,中心颜色较浅. The blood smear is considered normal if there is:
- Normal appearance of cells
- Normal white blood cell differential
不同实验室的正常值范围可能略有不同. 一些实验室使用不同的测量方法或测试不同的样品. 与您的十大赌博平台排行榜谈谈您的具体测试结果的含义.
What Abnormal Results Mean
异常结果意味着红细胞的大小、形状、颜色或涂层不正常.
Some abnormalities may be graded on a 4-point scale:
- 1+ means one quarter of cells are affected
- 2+ means one half of cells are affected
- 3+ means three quarters of cells are affected
- 4+ means all of the cells are affected
靶细胞的存在可能是由于:
- Abnormal
hemoglobin 红细胞中携带氧气的蛋白质(血红蛋白病) - 缺乏一种叫做卵磷脂胆固醇酰基转移酶的酶
- Iron deficiency
Liver disease - Spleen removal
Presence of sphere-shaped cells may be due to:
- Low number of RBCs due to the body destroying them (
immune hemolytic anemia ) - 红细胞数量少,因为有些红细胞呈球形(
hereditary spherocytosis ) - Increased breakdown of RBCs
红细胞呈椭圆形可能是一种疾病的征兆
碎裂细胞(也称为裂细胞)的存在可能是由于:
- Artificial heart valve
- 一种血液疾病,导致全身小血管中形成血块,导致血小板计数低(
thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura ) - 控制血液凝固的蛋白质过度活跃的疾病(
disseminated intravascular coagulation ) - 消化系统感染,产生破坏红细胞的有毒物质, causing kidney injury (
hemolytic uremic syndrome )
一种称为正母细胞的未成熟红细胞的存在可能是由于:
- Blood disorder called
erythroblastosis fetalis that affects a fetus or newborn - Cancer that has spread to bone marrow
- 血红蛋白过度分解的疾病(
thalassemia ) - 骨髓紊乱,骨髓被纤维性瘢痕组织所取代(
myelofibrosis ) - Removal of spleen
- Severe breakdown of RBCs (
hemolysis ) - 通过血液从肺部扩散到身体其他部位的肺结核(
miliary tuberculosis )
毛刺细胞的存在可能表明:
- 血液中氮废物含量异常高(
尿毒症 )
骨刺细胞的存在可能表明:
- 不能通过肠道完全吸收饮食中的脂肪(
abetalipoproteinemia ) - Severe liver disease
The presence of teardrop-shaped cells may indicate:
- 由于毒素或肿瘤细胞导致骨髓不能产生正常血细胞而引起的贫血(骨髓增生过程)
- Cancer in the bone marrow
- Myelofibrosis
- Severe iron deficiency
- Thalassemia major
Howell-Jolly小体(红细胞内的一种颗粒)的存在可能表明:
- 骨髓不能产生足够的健康血细胞(骨髓发育不良)
Sickle cell anemia Spleen has been removed
亨氏小体(少量改变的血红蛋白)的存在可能表明:
- Alpha thalassemia
- Congenital hemolytic anemia
- 当身体暴露于某些药物或因感染而受到压力时,红细胞会分解的疾病(
G6PD deficiency ) - Unstable form of hemoglobin
稍微不成熟的红细胞的存在可能表明:
- Anemia with bone marrow recovery
- Hemolytic anemia
- Hemorrhage
嗜碱性点(斑点状)的出现可能表明:
- 骨髓疾病,骨髓被纤维性瘢痕组织所取代(骨髓纤维化)
Lead poisoning
镰状细胞的出现可能提示镰状细胞性贫血.
风险
抽血没有什么风险. 静脉和动脉的大小因病人而异,从身体的一边到另一边也不同. 从某些人身上获得血液样本可能比从其他人身上获得更困难.
其他与抽血相关的风险很小,但可能包括:
- Excessive bleeding
- Fainting or feeling lightheaded
- Multiple punctures to locate veins
- Hematoma (blood buildup under the skin)
- 感染(任何时候皮肤破裂都有轻微风险)
References
Bain BJ. The peripheral blood smear. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 148.
Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM. Blood disorders. In: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM,编. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 124.
Merguerian MD, Gallagher PG. 遗传性椭圆形细胞增多症、遗传性焦样细胞增多症及相关疾病. In: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM,编. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 486.
Natelson EA, Chughtai-Harvey I, Rabbi S. Hematology. In: Rakel RE, Rakel DP, eds. Textbook of Family Medicine. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016:chap 39.
Warner EA, Herold AH. Interpreting laboratory tests. In: Rakel RE, Rakel DP, eds. Textbook of Family Medicine. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016:chap 14.
Review Date: 01/09/2022